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accident investigation

Incident Investigation

What are the four steps of an incident investigation procedure?

What are the seven steps of the incident investigation report?

How do you write an incident investigation report?



According to OSHA all incident (in which the worker was hurt or “near miss”) should be investigated. An incident is an unplanned and unwanted event that leads to an injury, fatalities, property damage or have the potential to cause harm in terms of injuries or damage.  The purpose of an incident investigation is to prevent a recurrence.

What are the four steps of an incident investigation procedure?

  • 1.   Gather factual information
  • 2.    Analyze the immediate and root cause
  • 3.    Decide on a control measure
  • 4.    Plan the remedial actions, 

1.    1. Gather factual information

  • Secure the scene
  • Collect witness interview
  • Take photograph, sketch
  • Check permit to work system is compliance
  • A risk assessment or JSA are provided
  • Check the training record of victim 

2. Analyze the immediate and root cause

Immediate cause - Refers to the direct cause of the incident – unsafe act or unsafe condition

Unsafe act means deliberately break the health and safety rules such as working without PPE, not using appropriate tools, working without a permit, no 100% tie-off while working on scaffolding etc.

The unsafe condition means the poor physical condition of the workplace, equipment or an environment such as slip trip hazard, poor lighting, uneven access, inadequate ventilation etc.

Root cause:

  • Refers to organizational failure.
  • Failure to provide PPE
  • Failure to provide training
  • Failure to carry out risk assessment
  • Lack of supervision, information and instruction
  • Lack of maintenance etc.

3.     3. Decide on a control measure

Once the immediate cause (unsafe act and condition) and root cause (organization failure) are identified, control the measure also identified. All unsafe condition (where hazards are hiding) should be identified and eliminate or take appropriate corrective action to mitigate. Take disciplinary action against violator (unsafe act).

 4.    4. Plan the remedial actions

Remedial action needs an action plan such as: within a month (time scale) conduct training for all employee, provide PPE or maintenance of all equipment, improve employee morale, developing managerial skill etc. 

What are the seven steps of the incident investigation report?

  1. Date and time
  2. Location of the accident
  3. Detailed of the victim and injury
  4. Detailed of activity being carried out at the time
  5. Detail of witness
  6. Immediate and root cause
  7. Corrective action with suggested cost


How do you write an incident investigation report?

Download the investigation report form and edit it as you like


What is the reason for conducting the incident investigation?

  • One of the most important reason is that an incident may happen again and the result may be worse than it was the first time.
  • To know why it happens so that control measure can be taken to prevent the incident.
  • To know the immediate and root cause,
  • It is the legal duty of the employer to investigate the incident

What is an incident?

For example, a worker who is killed by an unplanned dropped object is an Accident. If there is apparently no loss, no injury or fatalities but potential to lead to injury (by the dropped object) to the worker, just missed, it is called near miss but both are incident.


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